import time
import redis

class MultiTierRateLimiter:
    def __init__(self, client, default_tiers):
        self.client = client
        self.default_tiers = default_tiers  # {tier: (max_requests, period)}

    def get_tier(self, user_id):
        # Simulated method to fetch a user's tier
        return "premium" if user_id.startswith("premium_") else "standard"

    def is_allowed(self, user_id):
        tier = self.get_tier(user_id)
        max_requests, period = self.default_tiers.get(tier, (10, 60))  # Default to 10 requests per minute
        current_time = int(time.time())
        key = f"rate_limiter:{tier}:{user_id}"
        pipeline = self.client.pipeline()

        # Manage timestamps for rate limiting
        pipeline.zremrangebyscore(key, 0, current_time - period)
        pipeline.zadd(key, {current_time: current_time})
        pipeline.zcard(key)
        pipeline.expire(key, period)

        _, _, request_count, _ = pipeline.execute()

        # Dynamic penalty if requests exceed threshold
        if request_count > max_requests:
            penalty_key = f"penalty:{user_id}"
            if not self.client.get(penalty_key):  # First penalty
                self.client.setex(penalty_key, period, 1)
                return False
            else:
                return False
        return True